Characterised by its bulky shape and large bill. It is the largest scoter at 51 to 58 cm. Male Velvet Scoters can be identified at close range by the neat white 'tear drop' just behind the eye, the greater extent of yellow in the bill (around the edges not just in the centre) and by occasional glimpses of the white patch in the closed wing. Females are like Common Scoters but have all dark heads apart from two small, vague, pale blotches, one behind the bill, and another behind the eye. At long range there is little chance of identifying these accurately except in flight when the white secondaries of Velvet Scoters will be obvious.

Breeds by lakes in Scandinavian tree zone. Winters in coastal waters and estuaries.

Does not breed in the UK, but is a winter visitor to the east coast, especially in Scotland, Norfolk and north-east England.

2,500 birds overwinter

Rare autumn and winter visitor