Holly Speckle

Holly Speckle - Trochila ilicina

Description

A small cup fungus that forms fine dark speckling on the upper side of dead holly leaves. Initially the fruitbodies are greenish-brown and cushion shaped.   When they are mature a transparent lid opens to reveal the greenish-yellow fertile surface, or hymenium, from which the spores are eventually ejected.  A black crater about 1mm wide is left, embedded in the leaf tissue - these are the 'speckles' most often recorded.  

Similar Species

Phacidium lauri forms black pustules on dead Holly leaves, on both sides of the leaf, and is volcano-shaped; both species may occur together on the same leaf.  Similar species affect Ivy leaves (Trochila craterium) and Cherry Laurel (Trochila laurocerasi.)

Identification difficulty
Identification aids

 

Holly Speckle
Trochila ilicina
Phacidium lauri Phomopsis crustosa Microthyrium ciliatum
There are some nice comparison images of species 1, 2 and 4 here.
Small (<1mm) speckles on the upper side of the leaf only. Pustules (c.1.5mm) on upper and lower surfaces of the leaf. Immersed black conidiomata (0.5mm) on brown spots surrounded by a narrow black line. Tiny black speckles (<0.5mm) on both sides of the leaf.
Recording advice

Your photo should show the speckles in situ on the leaf and also in close-up. Check whether the speckles are on upper or lower side of the leaf, or both, and note this. Also note the substrate and associated tree species in your comments.

Habitat

Only grows on dead (brown) leaves of holly

When to see it

All year. The open lids are best seen December to February.

UK Status

Widespread and fairly frequent in Britain.

VC55 Status

Fairly frequent in Leicestershire and Rutland.

Leicestershire & Rutland Map

MAP KEY:

Yellow squares = NBN records (all known data)
Coloured circles = NatureSpot records: 2025+ | 2020-2024 | pre-2020

UK Map

Additional images

All NatureSpot records

Photo of the association

Holly

The dark speckling of this fungus occurs only on the upper side of the on dead holly leaves.