Birdsfoot-trefoil

Birdsfoot-trefoil - Lotus corniculatus

Alternative names
Common Bird's-foot-trefoilBirdsfoot-trefoil
Description

Variable but usually 10 to 20 cm in height, rather sprawling with a solid, woody stem at the base. Flowers yellow or orangey, sometimes tinged red, especially when just emerging. 10 to 16 mm in clusters of 2 to 7. Seed pod 15 to 30 mm straight.

Similar Species

Greater Bird's-foot Trefoil (Lotus pedunculatus) and Narrow-leaved Bird's-foot Trefoil (Lotus tenuis)

Identification difficulty
ID checklist (your specimen should have all of these features)

Solid stems and obtuse angle between the upper two calyx teeth (i.e more than a right-angle) distinguish it from Greater Bird's-foot Trefoil (which is usually larger, hairier, taller and found in marshy places).  Narrow-leaved Bird's-foot trefoil is uncommon in VC55 and very similar in flower but has leaflets that are mostly >4 times as long as wide; Common Bird's-foot trefoil leaflets are mostly <3 times as long as wide. 

Habitat

Short grassy habitats, road verges, etc.

When to see it

May to September.

Life History

Perennial.

UK Status

Very common throughout Britain.

VC55 Status

Very common in Leicestershire and Rutland. In the 1979 Flora survey of Leicestershire it was found in 553 of the 617 tetrads.

Leicestershire & Rutland Map

MAP KEY:

Yellow squares = NBN records (all known data)
Coloured circles = NatureSpot records: 2025+ | 2020-2024 | pre-2020

UK Map

Additional images

All NatureSpot records

Photo of the association

Contarinia loti

The larvae of the gall midge Contarinia loti gall members of the Fabaceae family of plants, particularly causing galls in the flower buds of Bird's-foot-trefoils. The buds may become swollen, up to 12mm long, distorted or remaining closed. The galls are yellow-green and first becoming red later. The galls may contain one, or more, yellow or white larvae which can jump.